This paper examines the regulation of piracy and armed robbery at sea in international law applicable globally and applicable only in a certain region. This research will review the elements of piracy and armed robbery at sea then made a distinction between both crimes. It will be found that there are problems that still not legally regulated in existing international regulation concerning piracy and armed robbery at sea or it has been regulated but still cause a problem in the prosecution of both crimes. It is a normative research which concludes that the regulation of armed robbery at sea is found only in regional international legal rules, unlike the regulation of piracy that exists in international rules that applied globally. The existing regulations leave problems concerning areas where a crime such as piracy-like act will be difficult to categorize as piracy or armed robbery at sea.
References
Regulation
1982 Untied Nation Convention On the Law of the Sea
UN Security Council Resolution 2020 (2011). Untided Nations, “Security Concil, Resolution 2020 (2011) Adopted by the Security Council at its 6663rd meeting, on 22 November 2011â€, [online] http://daccess-dds- ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N11/604/21/PDF/N1160421.pdf?OpenElement, (accessed on 29th of March 2012);
Books
Alexander Yonah dan Tyler B. Richardson, 2009, Terror On High Seas, From Piracy To Strategic Challenge, volume I, ABC-CLIO,LLC, Santa Barbara, California;
Denise Russel, 2010, Who Rules the Waves? Piracy, Overfishing, and Mining the Ocean, Pulto Press, New York;
Dutton Yvonne M, 2010, “Bringing Pirates To Justice: A Case For Including Piracy Within The Jurisdiction Of The International Criminal Courtâ€, One Earth Future Foundation;
Harris D.J, 2004, Cases and Materials On International Law: Sixth Edition, Sweet & maxwel, London;
Heller-Roazen Daniel, 2009, The Enemy Of All, Piracy and The Law Of Nations, Zone Books, New York;
Joyner Christoper C., 2005, Intrenational Law In The 21st Century, Rules For Global Governance, Rowman & littlefield publisher, USA;
Karaska James, 2011, Contemporary Maritime Piracy: International Law, Strategy, and Diplomacy, Praeger, Santa Barbara, California;
Malanczuk Peter, 1997, Akehurst’s Modern Introduction to International Law, Seventh revised edition, Routledge, New York;
Menkhaus Kenneth, 2003, “Somalia: A Situation Analysis And Trend Assessmentâ€, Writenet Independen Analysi, http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/pdfid/3f7c235f4.pdf (accessed on 24th of February 2012);
O’Brian John, 2001, International Law, Routldege-Cavendish, New York;
Sam Bateman,dkk, 2009, “Good Order At Sea In Southeast Asiaâ€, Rajaratnam School of International Studies Policy Paper, Nanyang Technological University;
Schabas William A, “International crime†dalam David Armstrong, ed, 2008, Routledge Handbook of Interntional Law, Taylor & Francis e-Library, United Kingdom;
Shaw Malcom N, 2001, International Law: Fourth edition, Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom;
Storey Ian, 2009, “Maritime Security in Southeast Asia: Two Cheers For Regional Cooperationâ€, Southeast Asian Affairs;
Journals
Dela Pena Joyce, 2009, “Maritime Crime In The Strait of Malacca: Balancing Regional and Extra- Regional Concernsâ€, Stanford Journal of International Relation, X, (2) 1;
Langer Ma´ximo, 2011, “The Diplomacy Of Universal Jurisdiction: The Political Branches And The Transnational Prosecution Of International Crimesâ€, The American Journal Of Internationla Law, 151 (1);
Raymond Catherine Zara, 2009. “Piracy And Armed Robbery In The Malacca Strait :A Problem Solved?â€, Naval War College Review, 62, (3) 31;
Thesis
Pailah Steven Yohanes, 2008, tesis, “Pengelolaan Isu-Isu Keamanan di Selat Malaka Periode 2005- 2006â€;
Internet
AgheniŃei Mihaela dan Luciana Boboc, 2011, “Universal Jurisdiction And Concurrent Criminal Jurisdictionâ€, [online] www.usyd.edu.au (accessed on 4th of July 2012);
Kementrian Luar Negeri Indonesia, 2006, “Masyarakat Internasional Mengakui Keberhasilan Negara Pantai Dalam Mengamankan Selat Malakaâ€, [online] http://www.deplu.go.id/_layouts/mobile/PortalDetail-NewsLike.aspx?l=..&ItemID=8e294d9d-590f- 4a6f-8328-4118f8f76cd1, (accessed on 11th of June 2012);
United Nations, 2011, “Table recapitulating the status of the Convention and of the related Agreementsâ€, [online] http://www.un.org/Depts/los/reference_files/status2010.pdf , (accessed on 4th of July 2012);
Wheaton Henry, “Piracy Jure Gentium Definition: Piracy According To The Law of Nationsâ€, [online] http://www.duhaime.org/LegalDictionary/P/PiracyJureGentium.aspx, (accessed on 18th May 2012);
Wheaton Henry, 1855, Elements of International Law, Little Brown and Company, Boston;
